In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:FÉLIX MaRTÍNEZ-?????? TOWARDS A FORMAL ONTOLOGY OF FICTIONAL WORLDS In this discussion ' I propose a few concepts for the description and classification of fictional "worlds." The variety of fictional systems of"reality" can be understood, I diink, as an aspect ofthe phenomenon of style in literary imagination.2 But styles of imagination or of vision, and die style of literary works, are more than simply kinds of fictional worlds. To (...) put in some perspective my attempt at classification of literary works according to their systems of reality, I will make first a few remarks on the notion of style. It is a well-known preliminary problem when speaking of style diat this word seems to have more than one meaning in ordinary usage. I think that some ofits current meanings are rich and important, and that literary knowledge would profit if we could reconstruct them in abstract and defined concepts, so that the notions involved were somewhat clarified. I doubt diat diis is possible with current conceptual tools. We can see what is meant, say, when we hear diat a certain person we know "has style"; and we certainly distinguish diis attribute from others such as elegance, good manners, character, taste, originality, mannerisms, or idiosyncracies. Thus, we occasionally perceive in personal behavior a phenomenon called style. A conceptual description or a satisfactory definition of such a given, however, seems very difficult. Speaking of matters of art and literature, "style" has been used, among other things, to designate both the conventional forms of traditional expression (as in "manuals of style") and the anomalous, convention-breaking forms of highly individuated creation (as in die classic conception of Vosslerian-Spitzerian Stylistics, or in Buffon's "Le style c'est l'homme même," as usually understood). Style, dien, as conformity and style as singularity and deviance; style as impersonal decorum and as presence of a unique personal essence in the work. This perplexing ambiguity may be reducible though. Whether conventional and common or personal and innovative, style appears to be a form that characterizes and holds together a creation or a phenomenal entity. Indeed, the fact that 182 Félix Martínez-Bonati183 singular innovations of style often become the common trait of a school or current and sometimes a part of general tradition seems to indicate that neither singularity nor general acceptance are the most basic elements of die notion of style. On first reflection, we may conceive of style as a formal principle that consistently determines the constitution of die pertinent objects. Nonetíieless, constitutive form is too weak a definition for style, since it would also apply to what is called "technique" and even to genre. We must look for a more specific determination. There is anodier ambiguity in everyday uses of die word "style" diat deserves attention. We speak often of "good style" and "bad style." But sometimes we speak as if no style is bad and the thing that matters is to have style at all and as much of it as possible. Thus, we condemn a work because of its having no style or only a weak one. This contradiction probably derives from the confusion of a particular normative, a general normative, and a merely descriptive notion of style. We should keep, if possible, to a merely descriptive notion. Still another uncertainty of usage, in literary matters, relates to the (not universally accepted) restriction of the notion of style to a linguistic one; style, in this restricted usage, is seen as primarily an attribute of diction. The most numerous of literary studies of die style of singular works have been, so far as I can see, descriptions of idiolects. In many cases, the linguistic peculiarity is taken as an index of the world-view or die style of imagination diat is supposed to have produced the work. Alternative to this approach, indeed complementary, is the study of literary style as an attribute of die fictional entities to which literary discourse refers. We find the latter kind of approach mostly in characterizations of genres or of periods ("the naturalist novel," "romance," "classicism," etc.). One may suppose that an exhaustive analysis of the idiolect of a work... (shrink)

Roger Boscovich, belonging to XVIII century, halfway from Newton to Faraday, is traditionally considered as a newtonian philosopher. Nevertheless, following Berkson’s suggestion, he could be a Field Theory forerunner. In this work, we will try to go on with the idea of this suggestion in order to show this possible Boscovich’s contribution.

Over the last few decades, the Internet has brought about a myriad of benefits to almost every aspect of our daily lives. However, malware attacks have also widely proliferated, mainly aiming at legitimate network users, resulting in millions of dollars in damages if proper protection and response measures are not settled and enforced. In this context, the paper at hand proposes MalSEIRS, a novel dynamic model, to predict malware distribution in a network based on the SEIRS epidemiological model. As a (...) result, the time-dependent rates of infection, recovery, and loss of immunity enable us to capture the complex dynamism of malware spreading behavior, which is influenced by a variety of external circumstances. In addition, we describe both offensive and defensive techniques, based on the proposed MalSEIRS model, through extensive experimentation, as well as disclosing real-life malware campaigns that can be better understood by using the suggested model. (shrink)

En este artículo se estudia un peculiar recurso discursivo de un cronista barroco del virreinato del Perú: un elogio de las mujeres criollas de la ciudad de Arequipa, que se transforma en una vindicación general de los indígenas como una forma de exaltar a la ciudad criolla a través de una serie de analogías históricas con experiencias e ideales de la tradición hispánica asumibles para una audiencia metropolitana.

El reinado de Fernando III de Castilla y León constituye un período de transición entre las viejas curias plenas regias alto y plenomedievales y la baja Edad Media en la que se desarrollará ya con intensidad la institución de las Cortes. A través del presente trabajo abordamos el estudio del proceso transformador jurídico-institucional de las antiguas curias regias a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XII, así como las manifestaciones que de este proceso apreciamos en el reinado de Fernando (...) III, con especial incidencia en el “ordenamiento” promulgado por este monarca en las cortes de Sevilla de 1250. (shrink)

Juan Pérez de Menacho, teólogo y filósofo limeño de la Compañía de Jesús, inaugura la tradición escolástica en el Virreinato del Perú. La figura de Pérez de Menacho, catedrático de Prima en San Marcos, ha adoptado ribetes legendarios, especialmente luego de la posible pérdida de sus manuscritos en el incendio de la Biblioteca Nacional del Perú en 1943: valorado como una de las mentes más prodigiosas de su tiempo pero a la vez largamente ignorado o, incluso, mistificado. En este ensayo (...) bio-bibliográfico, fragmento de una investigación mayor, se analizarán las escasas pero contrapuestas lecturas de su obra, se investigará el destino de sus manuscritos – que, como se verá, no se encuentran perdidos en su totalidad – y, a partir de sus casi desconocidos datos biográficos ofrecidos por un biógrafo barroco, se reconstruirá la vida y trayectoria de Pérez de Menacho, presentándolo como una figura paradigmática del ejercicio escolástico indiano. (shrink)

Texto de presentación para el monográfico _De São Paulo a Puebla: la izquierda iberoamericana entre el retorno y la transformación (1990-2024)._.

En este artículo se estudia la aparición, auge y colapso de la inédita experiencia de democracia liberal partitocrática en Bolivia (1985-2006), a través de la trayectoria de dos movimientos autoidentificados como izquierdistas, el Movimiento de Izquierda Revolucionaria (1971), de Jaime Paz Zamora, última y más grande manifestación de la «izquierda patricia» boliviana, y el Movimiento al Socialismo (1997), de Evo Morales, vehículo político de la renacida oposición sindical rural al sistema vigente. También se exploran las causas de su colapso; a (...) saber: el crecimiento de las expectativas y el malestar de los sectores urbanos; la reactivación de la tradición sindical militante, en una versión más dinámica y mejor organizada, y, en el plano de la cultura política, la difusión y generalización del katarismo y sus variaciones indianistas. (shrink)

War and Border Crossings brings together renowned scholars to address some of the most pressing problems in public policy, international affairs, and the intercultural issues of our day. Contributors from widely varying disciplines discuss cross-cultural ethical issues and international topics ranging from American international policy and the invasion and occupation of Iraq to domestic topics such as immigration, the war on drugs, cross-cultural bioethics and ethical issues involving American Indian tribes. The culture clashes discussed in these essays raise serious questions (...) about what principles ought to inform the negotiating of conflicts in order to achieve, or at least approach, outcomes that are fundamentally just, fair, responsible, and ethical. (shrink)

Esta mesa-redonda foi organizada a partir do encontro de seus autores em um simpósio sobre historiografia no 55º Congresso Internacional de Americanistas, que ocorreu em julho de 2015, em San Salvador. O simpósio em questão foi o de número 69, Historia de la historiografía latinoamericana: nuevas miradas y debates contemporáneos. Os trabalhos aqui apresentados pelo guatemalteco Jose Edgardo Cal Montoya, “La historia como profesión”: el aporte de Ernesto Chinchilla Aguilar a la historiografía guatemalteca y centroamericana e o paraguaio Herib Caballero (...) Campos, Entre Clío y Astra: La Biblioteca Paraguaya del Centro de Estudiantes de Derecho, envolveram estudos historiográficos de temáticas nacionais específicas, respectivamente sobre a figura de um intelectual, e de uma instituição responsável pela divulgação de uma produção do conhecimento. Já os artigos de Coralia Gutiérrez Álvarez, Una introducción a la epistemología desde el sur: por una reflexión situada e Felix Raúl Martínez Cleves, La historiografía en movimiento. Una aproximación a las historias de ciudades en Colombia buscaram um outro viés na discussão historiográfica. Algo que diz respeito não somente a uma análise crítica, denominador comum a todos os quatro artigos, senão um diálogo com a teoria que implicou deslocar de uma zona de conforto a própria historiografia colombiana, para o caso dos estudos da história das cidades feito por Felix Martínez, e mais amplamente o conjunto das denominadas Ciências Sociais, como a discussão proposta por Coralia Gutiérrez. A mim coube analisar os quatro artigos, bem como buscar apontar possíveis diálogos entre os mesmos. Uma menor propensão de minha parte a debates teóricos, e uma maior facilidade a estudos com base mais histórica, como nos trabalhos de Jose Cal e Herib Caballero, se refletiram na maior extensão que dei no trato destes últimos; nada mais do que isso. E de antemão quero agradecer a Felix Martínez, cujos esclarecimentos possibilitaram divisar melhor uma ponte entre todos os trabalhos. (shrink)

In the philosophy of science, abstraction has usually been analyzed in terms of the interface between our experience and the design of our concepts. The often implicit assumption here is that such interface has a definite identifiable and universalizable structure, determining the epistemic correctness of any abstraction. Our claim is that, on the contrary, the epistemic grounding of abstraction should not be reduced to the structural norms of such interface but is also related to the constraints on the cognitive processes (...) of specific abstractions. This suggests that we should understand abstraction as embodied in different kinds of abstraction practices. (shrink)

Contra el “Yo soy” de la Modernidad, explicitado y hasta ejecutado como “Yo soy uno de tantos”, Heidegger realza con Kierkegaard el instante ejemplar de la “repetición”. Es ella la que llama a Heidegger desde Aristóteles, “repetido” desde las nociones de pólis y philía, con centro cordial en el eû zên. Ello implica una mutación de la idea religiosa de “culpa” en el rasgo existentivo de la “deuda” de estar-siendo-sidos: cada uno de nosotros somos deudores de la existencia del otro, (...) en cuanto héteros, en el mundo compartido; tal la mutación concomitante de la procura sustitutoria por aquella que, brotando de antemano, va hacia el poder-ser del otro. Ésta sería la “ética” originaria de Heidegger, si dejamos resonar en ella el êthos en que se forja comunidad. (shrink)

This paper forges links between early analytic philosophy and the posits of semiotics. I show that there are some striking and potentially quite important, but perhaps unrecognized, connections between three key concepts in Wittgenstein’s middle and later philosophy, namely, complex, rule-following, and language games. This reveals the existence of a conceptual continuity between Wittgenstein’s “early” and “later” philosophy that can be applied to the analysis of the iterability of representation in computer-generated images. Methodologically, this paper clarifies to at least some (...) degree, the nature, progress and promise of an approach to doing philosophy and semiotics from a modally modest perspective that sees in the intellectual products of humanities, and not in unreflective empiricism, the future of scientific development. This hybrid, non-reductionist approach shows, among other things, that semiotic processes are encoded by specific types of complexes in computer-generated images that display iterability in time and space. (shrink)

The lambda calculus is a universal programming language. It can represent the computable functions, and such offers a formal counterpart to the point of view of functions as rules. Terms represent functions and this allows for the application of a term/function to any other term/function, including itself. The calculus can be seen as a formal theory with certain pre-established axioms and inference rules, which can be interpreted by models. Dana Scott proposed the first non-trivial model of the extensional lambda calculus, (...) known as $ D_{\infty }$, to represent the $\lambda $-terms as the typical functions of set theory, where it is not allowed to apply a function to itself. Here we propose a construction of an $\infty $-groupoid from any lambda model endowed with a topology. We apply this construction for the particular case $D_{\infty }$, and we see that the Scott topology does not provide enough information about the relationship between higher homotopies. This motivates a new line of research focused on the exploration of $\lambda $-models with the structure of a non-trivial $\infty $-groupoid to generalize the proofs of term conversion to higher-proofs in $\lambda $-calculus. (shrink)

Las actuales condiciones de vida urbana en nuestros países y los problemas inscritos en la relación entre ciudad y educación, nos lleva a relevar la necesidad de construir una pedagogía que aporte a la formación de una cultura ciudadana democrática. En este documento, proponemos cartografiar algunos trayectos interrumpidos en la memoria pedagógica, desde la cultura de la calle, señalando las tensiones y desafíos que surgen del cruce entre lo urbano y lo educativo. Nos interesa además, reseñar la presencia de algunas (...) prácticas socioeducativas territoriales interesantes para los desarrollos educativos urbanos. (shrink)

Realiza la autora un esbozo que recorre el cúmulo de limitaciones y propuestas para la sustentabilidad desde un abordaje transdisciplinar, para pasar a ofrecernos reflexiones culturales y emocionales. Sugiere que no es más fácil fingir que cambiamos -abrazando discursos de cambio- que verdaderamente hacerlo, y que no podremos forjar sociedades sustentables y solidarias, si no nos cambiamos a nosotros mismos. El éxito o fracaso en la construcción de la sustentabilidad –concluye- tendrá que ver también con nuestras emociones, con la forma (...) en que nos paramos frente al mundo y establecemos relaciones con otros. (shrink)

Editions and translations were a major part of the work of French philosophers in the 19th century. They were not considered trivial tasks but philosophical works unto themselves. In this article, I show that to be considered as such, it is necessary to identify the reasons that would spark an author’s interest in the text he was publishing and the effects he expected from its publication in the philosophical field. I focus on the case of Blaise Pascal in the second (...) half of the 19th century. My goal is to underline that the matter of Pascal’s inclusion or exclusion from the philosophical “canon” led two philosophers, who were hostile to his thought, to publish Pascal’s Pensées: Ernest Havet and Léon Brunschvicg. Their aim was not to declare themselves “against” Pascal but rather to integrate their edition of his texts into their own philosophical projects. (shrink)

In this special issue, we draw on pragmatist political and social theory and philosophy to illustrate the creative potential of this intellectual tradition for thinking about the numerous crises that haunt liberal democratic societies today. The introduction identifies five overlapping problem constellations (demise of public power, lasting consequences of inequality, pluralization of society, return of authoritarian practices and globalization of the world) that have driven the recent rise of undemocratic or authoritarian patterns of social organization and political rule. Against this (...) backdrop, we conclude that the revitalization of certain dimensions of liberal democracy will not suffice to overcome these problems, which means that democratic practices need radical rethinking and reconceptualization. For this intellectual and political endeavour, we argue, pragmatism provides a suitable framework to identify problems that require resolution and define and mobilize collective problem solving capacities from already existing practices. All eight contributions to this special issue draw on pragmatist political and social theory and philosophy to illustrate to what extent, and to what ends, this intellectual tradition can revitalize the political and social discourse on the past, present and future of democracy. The articles are organized in two sections : (1) Pragmatist critique and the critical potential of pragmatism, (2) pragmatist politics and theories of democratic practice. (shrink)

In this article, I address the ways in which debates in liberal, Marxist and postmodernist social theory have remoulded readings of emancipation – and how these reformulations have affected the organisation of emancipatory struggles by and in political parties and social movements. I focus on three conceptual ambiguities that have spurred theoretical disputes and restructured organisational imaginations of emancipation: who might struggle for liberation, to what end and in which ways. In all three respects, understandings of emancipation have become increasingly (...) individualised, contingent and process-oriented – both in theory and in its political-organisational correspondents. As a consequence, effective collective struggles for autonomy may become ever more difficult to organise. While occurring in the name of further liberation, the ongoing reinterpretation of emancipation and its impact on the political organisation of emancipatory struggles might in the end hamper or even undermine the very liberation and autonomy they had aimed to promote. (shrink)